Electoral Odyssey / Interactive election atlas

1988 Presidential Election

See which candidate won each state and how those wins added up to the Electoral College result.

Electoral College · 1789–2024County popular vote · 2000–2024

Election rules

Modern Electoral College

Electoral result

426 EV · George Bush

Map dated

1988-11-08

Electoral College result

How the states voted

Display

View

Election-date state boundaries colored by exact stored electoral recipients. Split allocations use multiple colors.

This 1988 result uses the 2020 poll-closing chronology as a cinematic reference sequence, not historical 1988 polling or call timing.

Timing source: The Green Papers 2020 poll-closing chronology

Reference poll-close stream

Electoral Token Board

Token width reflects stored electoral votes

  1. GA
  2. IN
  3. VA
  4. KY
  5. SC
  6. VT
  7. OH
  8. NC
  9. WV
  10. WV
  11. PA
  12. IL
  13. FL
  14. NJ
  15. MA
  16. MO
  17. TN
  18. MD
  19. AL
  20. CT
  21. OK
  22. KS
  23. MS
  24. ME
  25. NH
  26. RI
  27. DC
  28. DE
  29. AR
  30. NY
  31. TX
  32. MI
  33. WI
  34. LA
  35. MN
  36. CO
  37. AZ
  38. NE
  39. NM
  40. SD
  41. WY
  42. IA
  43. UT
  44. MT
  45. NV
  46. CA
  47. WA
  48. OR
  49. ID
  50. ND
  51. HI
  52. AK

1789—2024

Sixty elections, one continuous record

Swipe or scroll through the record. Arrow keys move from a focused year.

  1. 1789First election
  2. 1792Founding Rules
  3. 1796Founding Rules
  4. 1800Founding Rules
  5. 1804Separate offices
  6. 1808Electoral record
  7. 1812Electoral record
  8. 1816Electoral record
  9. 1820Electoral record
  10. 1824Electoral record
  11. 1828Electoral record
  12. 1832Electoral record
  13. 1836Electoral record
  14. 1840Electoral record
  15. 1844Electoral record
  16. 1848Electoral record
  17. 1852Electoral record
  18. 1856Electoral record
  19. 1860Electoral record
  20. 1864Electoral record
  21. 1868Electoral record
  22. 1872Electoral record
  23. 1876Electoral record
  24. 1880Electoral record
  25. 1884Electoral record
  26. 1888Electoral record
  27. 1892Electoral record
  28. 1896Electoral record
  29. 1900Electoral record
  30. 1904Electoral record
  31. 1908Electoral record
  32. 1912Electoral record
  33. 1916Electoral record
  34. 1920Electoral record
  35. 1924Electoral record
  36. 1928Electoral record
  37. 1932Electoral record
  38. 1936Electoral record
  39. 1940Electoral record
  40. 1944Electoral record
  41. 1948Electoral record
  42. 1952Electoral record
  43. 1956Electoral record
  44. 1960Electoral record
  45. 1964Electoral record
  46. 1968Electoral record
  47. 1972Electoral record
  48. 1976Electoral record
  49. 1980Electoral record
  50. 1984Electoral record
  51. 1988Electoral record
  52. 1992Electoral record
  53. 1996Electoral record
  54. 2000County detail begins
  55. 2004Electoral record
  56. 2008Electoral record
  57. 2012Electoral record
  58. 2016Electoral record
  59. 2020Electoral record
  60. 2024Latest stored cycle

Official result

Election summary

President
George Bush [R]
Main opponent
Michael S. Dukakis [D]
Source note
A West Virginia elector voted for Bentsen as President and Dukakis as Vice President.

State-by-state result

Electoral votes by state

A state appears more than once when its electoral votes were split between candidates.

StateCandidateElectoral votes
ALABAMA ALGeorge Bush, of Texas9
ALASKA AKGeorge Bush, of Texas3
ARIZONA AZGeorge Bush, of Texas7
ARKANSAS ARGeorge Bush, of Texas6
CALIFORNIA CAGeorge Bush, of Texas47
COLORADO COGeorge Bush, of Texas8
CONNECTICUT CTGeorge Bush, of Texas8
DELAWARE DEGeorge Bush, of Texas3
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DCMichael S. Dukakis, of Massachusetts3
FLORIDA FLGeorge Bush, of Texas21
GEORGIA GAGeorge Bush, of Texas12
HAWAII HIMichael S. Dukakis, of Massachusetts4
IDAHO IDGeorge Bush, of Texas4
ILLINOIS ILGeorge Bush, of Texas24
INDIANA INGeorge Bush, of Texas12
IOWA IAMichael S. Dukakis, of Massachusetts8
KANSAS KSGeorge Bush, of Texas7
KENTUCKY KYGeorge Bush, of Texas9
LOUISIANA LAGeorge Bush, of Texas10
MAINE MEGeorge Bush, of Texas4
MARYLAND MDGeorge Bush, of Texas10
MASSACHUSETTS MAMichael S. Dukakis, of Massachusetts13
MICHIGAN MIGeorge Bush, of Texas20
MINNESOTA MNMichael S. Dukakis, of Massachusetts10
MISSISSIPPI MSGeorge Bush, of Texas7
MISSOURI MOGeorge Bush, of Texas11
MONTANA MTGeorge Bush, of Texas4
NEBRASKA NEGeorge Bush, of Texas5
NEVADA NVGeorge Bush, of Texas4
NEW HAMPSHIRE NHGeorge Bush, of Texas4
NEW JERSEY NJGeorge Bush, of Texas16
NEW MEXICO NMGeorge Bush, of Texas5
NEW YORK NYMichael S. Dukakis, of Massachusetts36
NORTH CAROLINA NCGeorge Bush, of Texas13
NORTH DAKOTA NDGeorge Bush, of Texas3
OHIO OHGeorge Bush, of Texas23
OKLAHOMA OKGeorge Bush, of Texas8
OREGON ORMichael S. Dukakis, of Massachusetts7
PENNSYLVANIA PAGeorge Bush, of Texas25
RHODE ISLAND RIMichael S. Dukakis, of Massachusetts4
SOUTH CAROLINA SCGeorge Bush, of Texas8
SOUTH DAKOTA SDGeorge Bush, of Texas3
TENNESSEE TNGeorge Bush, of Texas11
TEXAS TXGeorge Bush, of Texas29
UTAH UTGeorge Bush, of Texas5
VERMONT VTGeorge Bush, of Texas3
VIRGINIA VAGeorge Bush, of Texas12
WASHINGTON WAMichael S. Dukakis, of Massachusetts10
WEST VIRGINIA WVMichael S. Dukakis, of Massachusetts5
WEST VIRGINIA WVLloyd Bentsen, of Texas1
WISCONSIN WIMichael S. Dukakis, of Massachusetts11
WYOMING WYGeorge Bush, of Texas3

Data X-Ray v1

Trace the scene

The display layer never replaces the observed NARA label or the checksum-pinned geometry identity.

Candidate identities
George Bush
Observed: George Bush, of Texas
Michael S. Dukakis
Observed: Michael S. Dukakis, of Massachusetts
Lloyd Bentsen
Observed: Lloyd Bentsen, of Texas
Geometry build
Version
labs-election-states:1988:overview
Reference date
1988-11-08
Artifact SHA-256
0bd5cb10e729351134128ce4e797dfbde5969ed51f65f8daea121043b21dd49e
Office and import semantics

separate_president_vice_president · labs-elections:6dbf3e52c41a13254056a211 · 15 validation checks passed · 0 failed

Coverage and interpretation notes

  • Historical geometry is independently versioned

    The map uses a checksum-pinned, election-date geometry build while Electoral College allocations remain traced to the NARA fact tables.

  • County detail begins in 2000

    County-level popular-vote detail is available only for 2000 through 2024. This election has state-level Electoral College coverage.

Traceable facts

Sources and provenance

Data version
labs-elections:6dbf3e52c41a13254056a211
Import validation
15 passed · 10 documented warnings · 0 failures